Jake’s PhD research could pave the way for new cancer treatments

He reflects on discovery, setbacks, and impact after completing his PhD.

Meet Jake, who completed his Big C funded PhD at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in 2024. As a keen organic chemist, he set out to explore how small molecules could be designed to outsmart cancer.

Before his PhD, Jake completed a BSc in Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences at the University of Brighton, followed by an MSc in Advanced Organic Chemistry at UEA. He had a passion for organic chemistry and his curiosity about how molecules could become medicines led him towards the field of drug discovery.

“A PhD is one of the few ways to enter the drug discovery field as an organic chemist, so it was a natural step for me.”

Jake first learned about the project that would become his PhD during a conversation with his MSc supervisor. Although, he didn’t know at the time that it was funded by Big C, he was intrigued by the research opportunity.

The research:

Cancer cells thrive by silencing the tumour suppressor proteins that normally regulate cell growth. One approach they use is to over produce certain enzymes that cause these protective proteins to breakdown.

Jake’s PhD focused on identifying molecules that can inhibit the activity of these cancer enzymes. These would serve as starting points for further optimisation into new cancer therapies.

“I wanted to strengthen my synthetic organic chemistry skills while gaining experience in medicinal chemistry. This project had both and the chance to collaborate with biologists at UEA made it even more exciting.”

Jake’s work laid the foundation for a new class of molecules that could one day help restore the body’s natural defences against cancer.

Who might this research help?

The molecules Jake studied could support the development of targeted cancer therapies that preserve tumour suppressor proteins. This could improve long-term survival in certain cancers, by preventing tumour growth at the molecular level.

“This work adds valuable insight into how we can interrupt cancer at the earliest stages. It’s one step toward developing drugs that may improve treatment outcomes for future patients,” Jake explains.

Overcoming challenges

Like many PhD researchers, Jake faced challenging moments. Dealing with the shortcomings of the research was one of them.

“One of the hardest parts was learning through failure,” he admits. “You sometimes realise, after months of work with little success, that you would now have to do things differently to progress. But that’s part of the process.”

He further reflected, “If you’re going to make mistakes, it’s best to do it during your PhD, because the lessons stay with you long after.”

Being a Big C supported student

Jake reflected on his experience with Big C. “In my third year, I was invited to a Big C Research Spotlight Day. It was invaluable to present my work to people affected by cancer.”

Moreover, he also noted the importance of being supported fairly: “Big C’s funding made a big difference. My monthly stipend meant much less financial anxiety, which allowed me to focus on delivering high-quality research.”

Next Steps

Jake is currently working as a Synthetic/Medicinal Chemist at Sygnature Discovery making molecules as part of research towards generating therapies.

“Doing a PhD teaches you how to take a project from concept to reality and communicate what you’ve found at every level. It’s shown me that I’m capable of driving research forward, and now I’m ready for what’s next.”

“A PhD offers the opportunity to become an expert in a field and build a broad, transferable skillset.”

Jake Rigby

Publications

Jake’s research is already making a mark. If you would like to read more, then click on the research articles where his research group has published two peer-reviewed scientific articles describing the synthesis and function of these molecules;

  • Click here to read the article where detail of this molecule to disrupt important cancer proteins
  • Click here to read another article that suggests its potential drug targets.
  • Click here to read an additional article presenting a more efficient synthetic route to produce a key chemical intermediate.

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Nilda’s research into leukaemia and heart failure

With support from Big C, Nilda is undertaking a PhD at the University of East Anglia, investigating the metabolic link between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and heart failure.

Read more

Krisztina’s journey from chemistry to a PhD in cancer

For Krisztina, cancer research is personal. After losing her grandmother to the disease, she knew she wanted to contribute to the search for better treatments.

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Amanpreet’s research into designing smarter therapies for cancers with solid tumours

Amanpreet’s interest in research began during her studies in Biomedical Sciences at the University of Essex. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, she didn’t get any hands-on experience, but curiosity shaped her academic path.

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Timothy’s research in prostate cancer prognostics

Timothy is in his final year at Norwich Medical School. His journey into cancer research began long before his PhD, driven by a love for biology, his favourite subject.

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Nilda’s research into leukaemia and heart failure

Nilda Ilker

Nilda’s journey into cancer research began during her undergraduate degree in Biochemistry with a Year in Industry at University of East Anglia (UEA), which later led to her pursuing a PhD looking at leukaemia and heart failure.

Her interests deepened through hands-on experiences at Quadram Institute Bioscience (QIB), where she spent both her placement year and a full year post-graduation as a Project Scientist in Dr Stephen Robinson’s lab.

Her time at QIB exposed her to research and gave her confidence in pursuing a PhD. It was also where she encountered Big C for the first time, working alongside two PhD students funded by the charity.

The lab experience was integral to choosing whether I wanted to do a research degree” Nilda says.

Bridging two worlds

Having heard the studentships available with Big C funding, I decided to apply and was excited to be given the opportunity.“

With support from Big C, Nilda started undertaking a PhD at the University of East Anglia, investigating the metabolic link between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and heart failure. This was a perfect blend of her two scientific interests.

“This project brought together cancer research and cardiovascular disease, two areas I had developed a deep interest in.”

Portrait of a brunette woman with shoulder length hair, wearing a sleeveless black shirt, facing forwards smiling

The research: How AML might harm the heart

Chemotherapy is known to negatively affect heart health. Patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) – a form of blood cancer, have been found to shown markers of heart failure even before treatment begins. This startling discovery raises the question: could AML itself be driving changes in the heart?

Nilda’s research focuses on how leukaemia cells may send harmful signals from the bone marrow to the heart, altering heart cell function and ultimately contributing to heart failure.

“If we can understand this link, we may help not just AML patients that suffer from heart disease, but possibly those affected by other types of leukaemia too.”

Scientific challenges

The novelty of her research means there are few established methods to draw on, which she has found challenging. “Some experimental techniques are so new, there’s very little literature to rely on,’ she says. “Perfecting them takes time, but the potential impact is worth it.

When you realise how many people are affected and how under-researched this area is, it motivates you to keep pushing.”

Beyond the lab: Engaging with Big C

As a Big C supported student, Nilda has valued opportunities to connect beyond academia. She’s taken part in public engagement activities, including running the Big C stall at the Norwich Science Festival, alongside fellow PhD students and volunteers.

Research can sometimes feel isolating, but connecting with the public reminds you why your work matters.”

Looking ahead

Nilda is currently optimising experimental techniques and looks forward to gathering exciting results.

Her work could provide vital insight into a little-understood area of cardio-oncology, with the potential to shape better treatments and improve long-term outcomes for people affected by blood cancers.

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Subscribe to our mailing list to receive news and updates from Big C.

Jake’s PhD research could pave the way for new cancer treatments

Meet Jake, who completed his Big C funded PhD at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in 2024.

Read more

Krisztina’s journey from chemistry to a PhD in cancer

For Krisztina, cancer research is personal. After losing her grandmother to the disease, she knew she wanted to contribute to the search for better treatments.

Read more

Amanpreet’s research into designing smarter therapies for cancers with solid tumours

Amanpreet’s interest in research began during her studies in Biomedical Sciences at the University of Essex. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, she didn’t get any hands-on experience, but curiosity shaped her academic path.

Read more

Timothy’s research in prostate cancer prognostics

Timothy is in his final year at Norwich Medical School. His journey into cancer research began long before his PhD, driven by a love for biology, his favourite subject.

Read more

Krisztina’s journey from chemistry to a PhD in cancer

Krisztina Gerencser

Research case studies > Krisztina’s journey from chemistry to a PhD in cancer

Meet Krisztina, a second-year PhD student at the University of East Anglia. Her research is supported by Big C, and is funded by Ladies in League Against Cancer (LILAC).

Personal journey

For Krisztina, cancer research is personal. After losing her grandmother to the disease, she knew she wanted to contribute to the search for better treatments.

Originally from Hungary, she studied for an integrated master’s degree in chemistry in Scotland. It was during this time, while doing hands-on lab work, that her passion for research truly took hold.

“I want to make a difference in the way we treat cancer,” says Krisztina.

Close up of a smiling women with medium long blonde hair. She is wearing a black top with a black blazer on top, and is standing in front of a wooden wall with a white wall to her right.

While searching for PhD opportunities, she looked for a project that combined her chemistry background with her growing interest in cancer biology. The interdisciplinary project she found at the University of East Anglia (UEA) ticked all the boxes: focused on cancer, rooted in chemistry and rich with opportunities to collaborate. Krisztina says, “I was excited by the science and also the chance to learn new skills and work across different areas, and moving to Norwich was a bonus!”

Research focus: Helping the immune system fight cancer

Cancers can evade the immune system. Krisztina’s work focuses on improving immunotherapy, a promising approach that helps the body’s immune system target and destroy cancer cells.

Her research aims to design small molecules that block cancer’s “cloak” – helping the immune system do its job. These small molecules could become part of new treatments for cancers like melanoma, renal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.

Figure 1: How cancer cells evade the immune system. Krisztina’s research approach aims to fight them.

So far, she has developed some promising candidate molecules and is now working to optimise her method to design even better ones.

Challenge: A steep learning curve

Transitioning from a structured study experience to an independent PhD was one of Krisztina’s biggest challenges. “It was a big change, suddenly managing a research project on my own. But I’m learning every day and it’s exciting to see my work move forward,” she explains.

The Big C experience

Krisztina’s PhD is supported by Big C and fully funded by Ladies in League Against Cancer (LILAC), and that connection goes far beyond the lab bench.

She has taken part in outreach events, and is even considering a placement with the charity to broaden her impact further.

“It feels like I’m part of something bigger. I’m not just doing research. I’m also contributing to a community that’s making a difference in the lives of those affected by cancer.”

Looking ahead

Krisztina is eager to continue pushing her research forward and is excited about where her work and the molecules she’s developing might lead.

Watch Krisztina’s video

Let’s keep in touch

Subscribe to our mailing list to receive news and updates from Big C.

Jake’s PhD research could pave the way for new cancer treatments

Meet Jake, who completed his Big C funded PhD at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in 2024.

Read more

Nilda’s research into leukaemia and heart failure

With support from Big C, Nilda is undertaking a PhD at the University of East Anglia, investigating the metabolic link between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and heart failure.

Read more

Amanpreet’s research into designing smarter therapies for cancers with solid tumours

Amanpreet’s interest in research began during her studies in Biomedical Sciences at the University of Essex. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, she didn’t get any hands-on experience, but curiosity shaped her academic path.

Read more

Timothy’s research in prostate cancer prognostics

Timothy is in his final year at Norwich Medical School. His journey into cancer research began long before his PhD, driven by a love for biology, his favourite subject.

Read more

Amanpreet’s research into designing smarter therapies for cancers with solid tumours

Amanpreet Bhatt

Research case studies > Amanpreet’s research into designing smarter therapies for cancers with solid tumours

Amanpreet’s interest in research began during her studies in Biomedical Sciences at the University of Essex. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, she didn’t get any hands-on experience, but curiosity shaped her academic path.

“I’ve always been motivated by the idea of using science to make a tangible difference in people’s lives,” Amanpreet says. “Cancer research felt like the most impactful area to do that.”

Determined to gain practical experience, Amanpreet stayed at the University of Essex for a master’s degree in Cancer Biology. Her dissertation project gave her the first real taste of life in a research lab, and she began to seriously consider pursuing a PhD.

Conversations with her supervisor and lab colleagues helped her build confidence and so did a visit to a pharmaceutical company where a family member was working on a leukaemia therapy.

“That visit really pulled me further into the cancer research world,” she recalls.

When she came across her PhD project, she knew it was the right fit for its potential to design targeted treatments that are more precise and less toxic.

“It combines chemistry and biology in a way that really excited me,” she says.

With support from Big C, Amanpreet is now undertaking a PhD at the University of East Anglia, working on a project that uses protein engineering to develop controllable cancer therapies.

Her research focuses on designing small antibodies (nanobodies) that bind specifically to cancer cells in solid tumours. These nanobodies are modified to respond to infrared light, meaning they only activate when targeted at a tumour site. This approach could reduce harmful side effects and improve safety by limiting damage to healthy cells.

“This could make therapies safer and more effective, especially for solid tumours that are hard to treat,” she explains.

Close up of a women wearing glasses and long dark hair. She is wearing a black jumper and is standing in front of a wooden wall with a white wall to her right

Progress

Amanpreet recently reached an important milestone in her research; she has successfully shown that the nanobodies can bind strongly with cancer targets. This is a promising sign for future therapy development.

She has also passed her PhD probation review, allowing her to fully immerse herself in the next phase of the project.

Facing challenges, gaining confidence

But the journey hasn’t been without hurdles. Coming from a primarily biology background, Amanpreet initially found it challenging to get to grips with the chemistry side of her project.

“It took a lot of troubleshooting to get reliable and functional results,” she says. “But overcoming that taught me a lot about problem-solving in research.”

Reflecting on the impact

Working on this project has changed how Amanpreet sees cancer, both as a scientific and human challenge.

“My work has made me more aware of the complexity of cancer, both biologically and emotionally. It’s opened my eyes to the importance of therapies that are effective, kinder and more targeted.”

Being part of the Big C research community has played a big role in that.

“Knowing that my work is supported by an organisation with such a meaningful mission is incredibly motivating,” she says. “I am part of a community that truly cares about improving cancer outcomes.”

Looking ahead

Amanpreet is hopeful that her research will be impactful. The experience has deepened her interest in translational science – the bridge between lab discoveries and patient benefit.

“Long term, I’d like to keep working at the interface of biology and medicine,” she says. “I want to work on developing therapies that can directly benefit patients.”

Let’s keep in touch

Subscribe to our mailing list to receive news and updates from Big C.

Jake’s PhD research could pave the way for new cancer treatments

Meet Jake, who completed his Big C funded PhD at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in 2024.

Read more

Nilda’s research into leukaemia and heart failure

With support from Big C, Nilda is undertaking a PhD at the University of East Anglia, investigating the metabolic link between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and heart failure.

Read more

Krisztina’s journey from chemistry to a PhD in cancer

For Krisztina, cancer research is personal. After losing her grandmother to the disease, she knew she wanted to contribute to the search for better treatments.

Read more

Timothy’s research in prostate cancer prognostics

Timothy is in his final year at Norwich Medical School. His journey into cancer research began long before his PhD, driven by a love for biology, his favourite subject.

Read more

Timothy’s research in prostate cancer prognostics

Timothy Brendler-Spaeth

Research case studies > Timothy’s research in prostate cancer prognostics

Timothy Brendler-Spaeth is in his final year at Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia. His journey into cancer research began long before his PhD, driven by a love for biology, his favourite subject at school. This developed in him a curiosity that took him beyond conventional career paths.

“I wanted to push the limits of medicine,” Timothy says. “But being a medical doctor wasn’t for me. I wanted to build a deeper scientific curiosity, so I took a different path.”

After earning a bachelor’s degree in genetics followed by a master’s, Timothy took on a position at the Wellcome Sanger Institute as a research assistant. It was here that his interest in research deepened. With a desire to learn more, he began teaching himself computer programming through YouTube videos. This marked the beginning of his shift toward bioinformatics – using computational approaches to analyse biological data.

“Taking on research positions helped me build the experience and motivation to do a PhD,” he explains.

When he came across a bioinformatics PhD project to improve prostate cancer prognostics, it felt like the perfect fit.

“I said to myself, the project is aimed at building prognostic tests for prostate cancer. Why not be a part of something which could provide a huge benefit to patients?”

Research: Aiming for better prognostic tests

Prostate cancer can progress very differently from one patient to another. Some cases are aggressive and require urgent intervention, while others may not need immediate treatment. Current prognostic tests often fall short in accurately differentiating between aggressive and unaggressive cancer at time of diagnosis, which can lead to excessive treatment of an indolent case of the disease.

Timothy’s research is focused on addressing this clinical need. The goal? A test that enables clinicians to more accurately distinguish between the different forms of the disease. His project is using AI to better predict how prostate cancer will progress by looking at a much wider picture of biomolecular changes which occur in cancer cells than more narrowly focused prognostic tools currently available.

“Treatments can have severe side effects that really impact a person’s quality of life. A better test means we can treat patients more appropriately and avoid unnecessary harm.”

Support from Big C has played an important role in his journey. Participating in Big C research events reminded him of the real-world impact behind the data he analyses.

“Sometimes, as scientists, we get so focused on the research that we forget who it’s for. Presenting my work gave me a good reflection on that. This research is for the patients.”

A man standing besides a research poster.

Challenges and reflections

Now at the final stages of analysis and building AI models, Timothy has completed his data preparation, having come a long way in the steep learning curve involved in transitioning to bioinformatics.

“The thrill of learning something new, discovering new patterns is amazing,” he says. “But even more so is getting to tell someone about it.”

Let’s keep in touch

Subscribe to our mailing list to receive news and updates from Big C.

Jake’s PhD research could pave the way for new cancer treatments

Meet Jake, who completed his Big C funded PhD at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in 2024.

Read more

Nilda’s research into leukaemia and heart failure

With support from Big C, Nilda is undertaking a PhD at the University of East Anglia, investigating the metabolic link between acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and heart failure.

Read more

Krisztina’s journey from chemistry to a PhD in cancer

For Krisztina, cancer research is personal. After losing her grandmother to the disease, she knew she wanted to contribute to the search for better treatments.

Read more

Amanpreet’s research into designing smarter therapies for cancers with solid tumours

Amanpreet’s interest in research began during her studies in Biomedical Sciences at the University of Essex. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, she didn’t get any hands-on experience, but curiosity shaped her academic path.

Read more

International Women and Girls in Science Interview

Dee Hayward

Research case studies > International Women and Girls in Science Interview: Dee Hayward

International Day of Women and Girls in Science recognises the critical role women and girls play in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). To celebrate the day, we spoke with Dee Hayward, a first-year PhD student whose studentship has been funded by Big C.

Since October, Dee has been working with Dr Andrew Beekman of the University of East Anglia on a project researching small molecules to target PD-L1, a type of interaction in the body that ensures the immune system is only activated when appropriate to avoid autoimmune disease, in hopes of creating a new type of cancer treatment.

We asked Dee more about her journey in STEM: what her research project is and how it is going despite COVID-19 and what advice she has for women and girls interested in pursuing careers in STEM.

“Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) has continued issues with diversity and is still a male dominated career choice. There is under representation of women within STEM, however it has improved in recent years and should continue to be highlighted to encourage young women to pursue this career path”

What did you study at University?

I studied a BSc in Biology with a minor in Chemistry and a MSc in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry before my PhD.

What is your research project?

I’m currently researching a small molecule that will function to replace antibodies that act to block the protein protein interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, an immune checkpoint. By blocking this interaction, this may allow our immune system to attack a tumour through our T-cells, or the white blood cells of the immune system.

Close Up shot of PhD student Dee Hayward

Why do you think research project is important?

All research that can provide a better insight to less toxic cancer and tumour treatments is essential. This research is a stepping stone in providing another outlook on cancer treatment.

How has it been working in research during the COVID-19 pandemic? What are some difficulties you and the rest of your team have faced? Have there been any positive aspects to it?

We have been very fortunate to have been allowed to continue research in the lab with social distancing rules enforced by splitting our lab members into morning and night shift. One of the positives is with less people there is more opportunity to use the instruments, however we are missing our other lab members so hopefully we will be back to normal soon.

What drove you to pursue a career in STEM? Have you always wanted to work in the sciences?

I enjoyed science while at school, however coming out of high school I was more focused on sport than science. I was midway through my degree in a summer placement doing medicinal chemistry when I realised that I really enjoyed research and continued seeking way to continue this career path.

What is an issue or issues you think women and girls still face in STEM?

STEM has continued issues with diversity and is still a male dominated career choice. There is an under representation of women within STEM, however it has improved in recent years and should continue to be highlighted to encourage young women to pursue this career path.

If you could give one piece of advice to a young person interested in pursuing a career in a STEM, what would it be?

To have perseverance, always continue looking for the next opportunity and don’t let any setback halt you from what you’re trying to achieve.

What does the future look like for you? What would you like to do after your research has completed?

Currently, my focus is my present research and making it through my PhD! I don’t know that research is ever completed but at the end of my PhD I’d like to stay within research and possibly get involved in lecturing. I guess we will see!

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International Women and Girls in Science Day

Nancy Teng

Research case studies > International Women and Girls in Science Interview: Nancy Teng

11th February is International Women and Girls in Science Day, which recognises the critical role women and girls play in the sciences. To celebrate the day, Big C spoke with Nancy Teng, a current PhD student at the Quadram Institute whose studentship has been funded by Big C.

Since 2019, Nancy has been a researcher in the lab of Dr Lindsay Hall studying gut microbiota and breast cancer.

We asked Nancy about her research, her future plans and what advice she would give to someone interested in pursuing a career in the sciences.

In 2019, Big C awarded a grant to Dr Hall’s lab at the Quadram Institute to support the addition of a PhD student to assist with their work studying gut bacteria and their effect on certain aspects of human health.

Nancy Teng was the recipient of this funding and through her studentship, Nancy examines how particular gut bacteria can influence the efficacy of treatments for people affected by breast cancer.

She said: “This project really took my interest because of the different disciplines of science and different types of researchers involved in it. It really has its fingers in many science-flavoured pies i.e. cancer biology, immunology, microbiology. Alongside this, I get to work with the local hospital, patients and other scientists which is really different from your standard lab-project.”

Prior to her PhD, Nancy earned a BSc in Biomedicine at the University of East Anglia (UEA) and a MSc in Immunology of Infectious Diseases at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Regarding her previous degrees, she said: “For me, biomedicine is the science which asks the questions why do diseases happen and how can treatments work against them? Immunology is interesting to me because it’s the first line of defence against disease but there is a very fine balance between doing just enough and doing too much in terms of treatments and this degree studied that.”

Nancy’s family comes from a healthcare background and when she was younger Nancy wanted to be a doctor.

However, Nancy changed her mind about pursuing a medical degree while writing her university applications. She realised she was more interested in the science behind medicine. By talking to others about this interest, Nancy learned about the field of biomedicine and knew that this was the area of science she wanted to delve into.

“If science is what you are passionate about or what you love to do, then you should do it. Don’t let yourself, or anyone else, hold you back from it.”

NANCY TENG, PhD STUDENT

When asking Nancy what medical professionals or scientists inspire her, she had two people in mind. The first was her mother. She said: “My mum was a doctor by trade but put her career on hold to raise me and my sister. Once she decided that my sister and I could cook without burning the house down, she started her career again. Unfortunately, she wasn’t able to practice medicine again. Instead, she studied for a master’s degree in a field related yet profoundly different from what she had previously done. She worked really hard for the career she has now, and all while still being a really great mum.”

The second person Nancy chose was her PhD adviser Dr Hall. She said: “When I was studying my master’s degree, someone mentioned Dr Hall’s name in a lecture about the microbiome. I looked her up and was so impressed by her academic career.

“When I got the studentship, I was a bit worried. But since being here, Dr Hall has been nothing but supportive in my PhD project. Despite being a well-known scientist who may not always be at the Quadram Institute, she always makes the time for her team.”

After she has finished her PhD, Nancy is unsure of what she wants to do, but knows she wants to use the skills she has gained to continue a career in research.

She said: “At the end of my PhD, I hope I’ve become a more well-rounded scientist and use the skills and knowledge which I have gained in my next role. Even if I can’t go directly into research, I would be happy working with patients and the wider community, too.”

“I always knew I wanted to go into science, but I was told that being a woman in science would be difficult. Despite this, I knew what I wanted to do and persevered.”

To find out more about the research happening in Dr Hall’s lab, visit Quadram Institute’s website.

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